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16.7k members in the LogicPro community. A subreddit for things regarding Logic Pro. Tips, Tutorials, Troubleshooting and more. 80s Multi-sampled Sounds for the 21st Century- 7 fully functioning Logic Projects ( everything from the audio demos ) 12 Logic startup pages pre-loaded with sounds 260+ Patches for Logic Pro X with Smart controls all sourced from vintage 80s hardware. Incredible attention to detail and sonic power. Apple Logic Pro 9 is a professional audio recoding, mixing and editing program exclusively for Mac OS X. If you use Logic to record MIDI (digital music note input), you can command Logic to automatically quantize your notes based on your desired parameters. If you record raw audio, you can also manipulate the waveforms for more precise timing. The sound was created using a synth and filters outside of Logic. On it’s own it’s not terribly useful, but were going to use EXS to turn the sample into a playable instrument that can be used in Logic. Note: this tutorial contains embedded audio that will not display in a feed reader. Comprehensive Apple documentation for Logic Pro 9 User Manual Help Library - Comprehensive documentation for Apple's professional applications. Browse the documentation, search for help topics, or click links to additional resources and information.
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Logic Circuit Modeling |
From what we have learnt in digital design, we know that there could be only two types of digital circuits. One is combinational circuits and the second is sequential circuits. There are very few rules that need to be followed to get good synthesis output and avoid surprises. |
Combinational Circuit Modeling using assign |
Combinational circuits modeling in Verilog can be done using assign and always blocks. Writing simple combinational circuits in Verilog using assign statements is very straightforward, like in the example below |
assign y = (a&b) | (c^d); |
Tri-state buffer |
You could download file tri_buf.v here |
Mux |
You could download file mux_21.v here |
Simple Concatenation |
You could download file bus_con.v here |
1 bit adder with carry |
You could download file addbit.v here |
Multiply by 2 |
You could download file multiply.v here |
3 is to 8 decoder |
You could download file decoder.v here |
Combinational Circuit Modeling using always |
While modeling using always statements, there is the chance of getting a latch after synthesis if care is not taken. (No one seems to like latches in design, though they are faster, and take lesser transistor. This is due to the fact that timing analysis tools always have problems with latches; glitch at enable pin of latch is another problem). |
One simple way to eliminate the latch with always statement is to always drive 0 to the LHS variable in the beginning of always code as shown in the code below. |
3 is to 8 decoder using always |
You could download file decoder_always.v here |
Sequential Circuit Modeling |
Sequential logic circuits are modeled using edge sensitive elements in the sensitive list of always blocks. Sequential logic can be modeled only using always blocks. Normally we use nonblocking assignments for sequential circuits. |
Simple Flip-Flop |
You could download file flip_flop.v here |
Verilog Coding Style |
If you look at the code above, you will see that I have imposed a coding style that looks cool. Every company has got its own coding guidelines and tools like linters to check for this coding guidelines. Below is a small list of guidelines. |
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Note : Suggest if you want more details. |
Copyright © 1998-2014 |
Deepak Kumar Tala - All rights reserved |
Do you have any Comment? mail me at:[email protected] |
Logic 9 Synth Tutorial Free
What is logic synthesis ? |
Logic synthesis is the process of converting a high-level description of design into an optimized gate-level representation. Logic synthesis uses a standard cell library which have simple cells, such as basic logic gates like and, or, and nor, or macro cells, such as adder, muxes, memory, and flip-flops. Standard cells put together are called technology library. Normally the technology library is known by the transistor size (0.18u, 90nm). |
A circuit description is written in Hardware Description Language (HDL) such as Verilog. The designer should first understand the architectural description. Then he should consider design constraints such as timing, area, testability, and power. |
We will see a typical design flow with a large example in the last chapter of Verilog tutorial. |
Life before HDL (Logic synthesis) |
As you must have experienced in college, everything (all the digital circuits) is designed manually. Draw K-maps, optimize the logic, draw the schematic. This is how engineers used to design digital logic circuits in early days. Well this works fine as long as the design is a few hundred gates. |
Impact of HDL and Logic synthesis. |
High-level design is less prone to human error because designs are described at a higher level of abstraction. High-level design is done without significant concern about design constraints. Conversion from high-level design to gates is done by synthesis tools, using various algorithms to optimize the design as a whole. This removes the problem with varied designer styles for the different blocks in the design and suboptimal designs. Logic synthesis tools allow technology independent design. Design reuse is possible for technology-independent descriptions. |
What do we discuss here ? |
When it comes to Verilog, the synthesis flow is the same as for the rest of the languages. What we try to look in next few pages is how particular code gets translated to gates. As you must have wondered while reading earlier chapters, how could this be represented in Hardware ? An example would be 'delays'. There is no way we could synthesize delays, but of course we can add delay to particular signals by adding buffers. But then this becomes too dependent on synthesis target technology. (More on this in the VLSI section). |
First we will look at the constructs that are not supported by synthesis tools; the table below shows the constructs that are not supported by the synthesis tool. |
Copyright © 1998-2014 |
Deepak Kumar Tala - All rights reserved |
Do you have any Comment? mail me at:[email protected] |